HATE SPEECH: BASICS OF MEASUREMENT IN PRACTICE, RELATED CONSTRUCTS AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AS A COUNTER STRATEGY

Abstract

Firstly, results of an empirical study show that there is a discrete positive correlation between hate speech and the subjects' level of empathy and awareness. Secondly, the research findings were discussed in relation to a systematic review of descriptive and experimental studies regarding hate speech.

Subsequently, a counter strategy was derived by analysing to the core concepts of global citizenship education (GCED), and the characteristics of an integrated socio-psycho-educational intervention were presented to address hate speech through a multi-faceted strategy.