Italian Journal of Health Education, Sports and Inclusive Didactics
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PARALYMPIC ATHLETES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Le restrizioni contro la pandemia di Covid-19 hanno assicurato la resilienza del sistema sanitario nel suo momento più profondo di crisi. L'isolamento forzato, tuttavia, ha interessato numerosi aspetti della vita sociale, costringendo all'interruzione di molte attività. I campionati sportivi e le attività fisiche in generale sono stati più volte interrotti o rinviati, come nel caso dei Giochi Olimpici e Paralimpici di Tokyo 2020, portando il settore sportivo a una crisi non solo economica ma anche costosa in termini di diminuzione della partecipazione. La ricerca haevidenziato gli echi dell'isolamento e della continua interruzione degli eventi sportivi anche dopo la fine delle restrizioni.
Questa revisione della letteratura indagherà l'impatto di Covid-19 sugli atleti paralimpici evidenziando gli argomenti più frequentemente discussi in letteratura e le eventuali lacune di ricerca.
Gli autori hanno incluso 2 5 studi originali (n = 2674) perindagare l'impatto di Covid-19 sugli atleti paralimpici.
Il Covid-19 ha colpito gli atleti paralimpici in vari ambiti della loro vita atletica e privata. La salute mentale si è deteriorata, soprattutto per quanto riguarda lo stress, l'ansia e la depressione, ma non tanto quanto per i loro compagni olimpici normodotati. La resilienza di questi atleti, gli infortuni precedenti e un atteggiamento positivo nei confronti della pandemia hanno mitigato gli effetti negativi. Al contrario, Covid-19 ha influito notevolmente sulla salute fisica degli atleti. L'isolamento forzato e la lenta ripresa delle attività hanno influito sul numero di sessioni di allenamento, sulla gravità degli infortuni e sulle prestazioni complessive. Gli atleti paralimpici che hanno contratto la malattia sono stati danneggiati più di altri atleti olimpici, sebbene i sintomi e la durata fossero simili. Infine, la pandemia ha cambiato la percezionedell'identità atletica; molti non si sentivano più atleti, o consideravano il ritiro. Le donne e gli atleti impegnati in sport individuali hanno sofferto di più degli effetti del Covid-19 rispetto agli uomini e ai giocatori degli sport di squadra. Il Covid-19 è stato un ostacolo alla partecipazione e ha colpito le persone con disabilità più degli atleti senza disabilità e, sfortunatamente, ha reso più evidenti le differenze tra olimpionici e paralimpici.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32043/gsd.v7i2.903
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