LEARNING MATHEMATICAL PROOF IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A QUESTION OF POLYSEMY? AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN FRENCH WEST INDIES

Mickaelle Ramassamy, Antoine Delcroix

Abstract


The notion of proof is a pivotal issue in mathematical teaching. In France, school curricula have been associating this notion with the term Demonstration. The term Preuve is lesser used. In French, the words démontrer, justifier, prouver are considered equivalents, but some researchers emphasize differences between them. For indeed, Balacheff and Soury-Lavergne (1996) consider that a proof is an accepted explanation, whereas the word Démonstration designates an explanation accepted by mathematicians because of its particular structure.

This polysemy could have an impact on mathematical learning, especially in ultramarine contexts, where learners are exposed to multicultural and multilingual environments but are asked to follow the same curricula as in mainland. Following our hypothesis, we conduct a longitudinal survey in a French ultramarine context (the French West Indies): 168 students are questioned about their conception of the meaning of the terms Demonstration and Justification at three steps of their course. They were also questioned about the evolution of their ability to argue, reason, and write a proof. We observed the evolution of their abilities. We also established causal links between the various observed conceptions of students on the meaning of these terms and the evolution of their capacity. The results we obtained suggest that there is some adequacy between these conceptions and perception of how their ability to demonstrate a result in mathematics evolve.

 

Nell’ambito dell’insegnamento della matematica, il concetto di prova è fondamentale. In Francia, i programmi scolastici hanno solitamente associato tale concetto alla nozione di dimostrazione, preferendola a quella di prova. In francese, in effetti, i termini dimostrare, giustificare, provare sono considerati equivalenti ma vari ricercatori hanno sottolineato che esistono alcune importanti differenze e che la prova dovrebbe essere considerata come una spiegazione valida, mentre la dimostrazione definirebbe una spiegazione convalidata dalla comunità matematica data la sua struttura.

Una tale polisemia potrebbe avere un impatto sull’apprendimento della matematica, soprattutto in quei territori della Francia d’oltremare in cui gli studenti sono esposti a un contesto multiculturale e plurilinguistico ma ai quali si richiede di seguire gli stessi programmi scolastici della madrepatria. A partire da tale ipotesi, abbiamo realizzato una ricerca longitudinale in un territorio d’oltremare (le Antille francesi). Una coorte di 168 studenti universitari ha partecipato al nostro studio. La coorte è stata analizzata in tre momenti distinti al fine di valutare i cambiamenti di significato attribuiti ai termini dimostrare e giustificare. Inoltre, ai partecipanti è stato richiesto di valutare le proprie capacità a ragionare, argomentare e redigere una prova matematica al fine di valutare le eventuali evoluzioni. I risultati ottenuti ci permettono di identificare un nesso causale tra le concezioni che gli studenti associano a ciascuno dei termini in questione e le rappresentazioni che sviluppano riguardo l’evoluzione delle loro competenze.


Keywords


Didactics of mathematics, higher education, mathematical proof, Overseas France

Full Text:

PDF (Italiano)

References


Arneton, M., Bocéréan, C., & Flieller, A. (2013, March). Les performances en mathématiques des élèves des départements d'Outre-mer . L'Orientation scolaire et professionnelle. doi:10.4000/osp.4029

Balacheff, N. (1987). Processus de preuve et situations de validation (Proving Processes and Situations for Validation). Educational Studies in Mathematics, 18, 147–176.

Balacheff, N. (1988). A study of students' proving processes at the junior high school level. Second UCSMP international conference on mathematics education. Chicago: NCTM.

Balacheff, N., & Soury-Lavergne, S. (1996). Explication et préceptorat, à propos d'une étude de cas dans TéléCabri. Explication et EIAO, actes de la journée du 26 janvier 1996 (PRC-IA) (pp. 37-50). Paris: Université Blaise Pascal.

Baron, E., & Hache, C. (2019). Expliquer, justifier, prouver, Démontrer? Repères IREM.

Borba, M. C. (1990). Ethnomathematics and education. For the learning of mathematics, 10, 39–43.

Cabassut, R. (2005, May). Proof, reasoning and validation in mathematical teaching of French and German secondary schools. Theses, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII.

Chevallard, Y. (1985). La transposition didactique : du savoir savant au savoir enseigné. Grenoble: Éd. la Pensée sauvage.

Chevallard, Y. (1991). Concepts fondamentaux de la didactique : perspectives apportées par une approche anthropologique.

Escofier, B., & Pagès, J. (2008). Analyses factorielles simples et multiples. Objectifs méthodes et interprétation. Dunod.

Gras, R., & Regnier, J.-C. (2017). Analyse implicative des variables binaires. Intensité implicative. Intensité entropique (Partie 1, Ch. 1). Dans R. Gras, J.-C. Régnier, F. Guillet, D. Lahanier-Reuter, & C. Marinica (Éds.), L'analyse statistique implicative: Des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales. Cépaduès Éditions.

Hache, C. (2019, December). Questions langagières dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Diderot.

Lavigne, G. (2011). Langues et mathématiques à l’école dans les cultures océaniennes. doi:10.6098/2012NCAL0041

Ministère de l'éducation nationale, d. l. (2015, November). Bulletin officiel spécial. Le Bulletin Officiel de l'Education Nationale.

Ogbu, J. U., & Simons, H. D. (1998). Voluntary and Involuntary Minorities: A Cultural‐Ecological Theory of School Performance with Some Implications for Education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 29, 155-188.

Selden, A., & Selden, J. (2003, January). Validations of Proofs Considered as Texts: Can Undergraduates Tell Whether an Argument Proves a Theorem? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 34, 4. doi:10.2307/30034698

Vergnaud, G. (1991). Langage et pensée dans l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Revue française de pédagogie, 96, 79–86. doi:10.3406/rfp.1991.1350

Weber, K. (2001). Student difficulty in constructing proofs: The need for strategic knowledge. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 48, 101–119. doi:10.1023/a:1015535614355




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32043/gsd.v6i4.706

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Giornale Italiano di Educazione alla Salute, Sport e Didattica Inclusiva

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Italian Journal of Health Education, Sports and Inclusive Didactics 
ISSN: 2532-3296